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SI Entomology
Bob Robbins, Curator of Lepidoptera
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Research Interests: Systematics of Lycaenidae, evolutionary biology of butterflies, patterns of butterfly diversity.
Recent Blogs:
Caldas, A. & R. K. Robbins. 2012. Climate Change and Extinctions at the Edge (Defenders of Wildlife blog)
Caldas, A. & R. K. Robbins. 2012. Climate Change, Extinctions and Edges. (Huffington Post, modified from the Defenders of Wildlife blog)
Selected Publications:
Sermeño, J. M., R. K. Robbins, G. Lamas, & J. A. Gámez. 2013. Cría en laboratorio de las "joyas vivientes" de El Salvador, Evenus regalis (Cramer) y Evenus batesii (Hewitson) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Bioma (San Salvador) 3: 4-9 and 44-48. 
Faynel, C., R. C. Busby, and R. K. Robbins. 2012. Review of the species level taxonomy of
the neotropical butterfly genus Oenomaus (Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini). ZooKeys 222: 11–45 (2012).
Robbins, R. K. and Lamas, G. 2012. Comment on the proposed establishment of availability of Balintus d'Abrera, 2001,
Gulliveria d'Abrera & Bálint, 2001, Salazaria d'Abrera & Bálint, 2001, Megathecla Robbins, 2002 and Gullicaena Bálint, 2002 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, LYCAENIDAE). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 69(1):60-61.
Robbins, R. K, Anderson, R. A. and Sullivan, J. B. 2012. The Nicaraguan hairstreak butterfly fauna (Theclinae: Eumaeini), its biogeography, and the history of Nicaraguan collectors. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 66(2): 61–75.
Robbins, R. K., Martins, A .R. P., Busby, R. C. and Duarte, M. 2012. Loss of male secondary sexual structures in allopatry in the Neotropical butterfly genus Arcas (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini). Insect Systematics & Evolution, 43(1): 35-65.
Faynel, C., R. C. Busby, A. Moser, and R. K. Robbins. 2011. Species level taxonomy of the Neotropical hairstreak genus Porthecla (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini). Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 47: 241-259.
Harris, B., G. Lamas and R. K. Robbins. 2010. Identity of Palaeonympha avinoffi Schaus, a satyrine butterfly from China (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 35(3):680-681.
Robbins, R. K. 2010. Four commonly confused hairstreaks (Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): three need names, one does not. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 64(1):1-13.
Duarte, M, and R. K. Robbins. 2010. Description and phylogenetic analysis of the Calycopidina (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): a subtribe of detritivores. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 54:45–65.
Robbins, R.K., A. Aiello, J. Feinstein, A. Berkov, A. Caldas, R. C. Busby and M. Duarte. 2010. A tale of two species: detritivory, parapatry, and sexual dimorphism in Lamprospilus collucia and L. orcidia (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 42: 64-73.
Robbins, R.K., R. C. Busby and M. Duarte. 2010. Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Neotropical Thepytus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 68:35-52.
Gareca, Y., S. Reichle and R.K. Robbins. 2009. Preliminary checklist for Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in Bolivia. Kempffiana 5:56-64.
Janzen, D.H. and 45 co-authors. 2009. Integration of DNA barcoding into an ongoing inventory
of complex tropical biodiversity. Molecular Ecology Resources (Suppl. 1): 1-26.
Robbins, R.K. and R.C. Busby. 2009. Updated phylogeny, taxonomy, and diversification of Janthecla Robbins & Venables (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini). J. Res. Lepid. 41: 5-13.
Robbins, R.K. and G. Lamas. 2008. Balintus D’Abrera, 2001, Gulliveria D. Abrera & Balint, 2001, Salazaria D’Abrera & Balint, 2001, Megathecla Robbins, 2002 and Gullicaena Balint, 2002 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, LYCAENIDAE): proposed establishment of availability (Case 3458). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 65: 199-193.
Robbins, R.K. and R.C. Busby. 2008. Phylogeny, taxonomy, and sympatry of Timaeta (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini): an Andean montane forest endemic. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 151: 205-233.
Robbins, R. K. and G. Lamas. 2008. Nomenclature, variation, and the biological species concept in Lamasina (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25(1):116-127.
Robbins, R. K. and G. Lamas. 2006. Stabilizing the Nomenclature of Fabrician Names of North American
Hairstreaks (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini). Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 60(2): 86 91.
Robbins, R. K. and M. Duarte. 2006. Systematic placement of Lycaena cogina Schaus (Lepidoptera:
Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae), a biogeographically disjunct new world species. Proceedings Entomological
Society of Washington 108(1): 226-236.
Duarte, M, R. K. Robbins and O. H H. Mielke. 2005. Immature stages of Calycopis caulonia (Hewitson, 1877)
(Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini), with notes on rearing detritivorous hairstreaks on artificial
diet. Zootaxa 1063: 1-31.
Nicolay, S. S. and R. K. Robbins. 2005. Five new dry-area South American Strymon species (Lycaenidae:
Theclinae) and their biogeographic significance. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 38: 35-49.
Robbins, R. K. & M. Duarte. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of Cyanophrys Clench, a synopsis of its species, and
the potentially threatened C. bertha (Jones) (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini). Proceedings Entomological
Society of Washington 107: 398-416.
Robbins, R. K. and M. Duarte. 2005. Two phylogenetically significant new Calycopis species (Lycaenidae:
Theclinae: Eumaeini). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 38: 27-34.
Robbins, R. K. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships among the species of Panthiades Hübner (Lycaenidae:
Theclinae: Eumaeini). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 107: 501-509.
Hall, J. W., R. K. Robbins, and D. J. Harvey. 2004. Extinction and biogeography in the Caribbean: new evidence
from a fossil riodinid butterfly in Dominican amber. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 271: 797-801.
Robbins, R. K. 2004. Tribe Eumaeini. Pp. 118-137. In: Lamas, G., ed. (ed.). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera.
Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville.
Robbins, R. K. & G. Lamas. 2004. Thecla azia Hewitson, 1873 (Insecta, Lepidoptera): proposed conservation of
the specific name (Case 3282). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 61(2): 98-99.
Robbins, R. K. and M. Duarte. 2004. Description of new butterfly genera. Lycaenidae, Eumaeini. Pp. 275-282.
In: Lamas, G. (ed.). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. Scientific
Publishers, Gainesville.
Robbins, R. K. 2004. Introduction to the checklist of Eumaeini (Lycaenidae). Pp. 24-30. In: Lamas, G. (ed.).
Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. Scientific Publishers,
Gainesville.
Caldas, A. and R. K. Robbins. 2003. Modified Pollard transects for assessing tropical butterfly abundance and
diversity. Biological Conservation 110: 211-219.
Robbins, R. K. 2002. Replacement Names in the Eumaeini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Proceedings of
the Entomological Society of Washington 104: 820-821.
Robbins, R. K. and S. S. Nicolay. 2002. On Overview of Strymon Hubner (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini).
Journal of the Lepidoptera Society 55: 85-100.
Robbins, R. K. and G. Lamas. 2001. Nomenclatural Changes in the Neotropical Eumaeini (Lepidoptera:
Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia19: 197-214.
Robbins, R. K. 2000. The New World Hairstreak Genus Arawacus Kaye (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae:
Eumaeini). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 102(1):162-169.
Robbins, R. K. and Nicolay, S. S. 1998. Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Strymon istapa and S. columella (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 52(3): 318-327.
Robbins, R. K. and Nicolay, S. S. 1998. Taxonmomy of Strymon toussainti, S. andrewi, S. amonensis, and S.
rhaptos (Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 52(3): 328-334.
Robbins, R. K. and Opler, P. A. 1997. Butterfly diversity and a preliminary comparison with with bird and
mammal diversity. In: Wilson, D. E., Reaka-Kudla, M. L. and Wilson, E. O. (eds.). Biodiversity II,
Understanding and Protecting Our Biological Resources. Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC.
Lamas, G., Robbins, R. K., Harvey, D. J. 1996. Mariposas del alto Río Napo, Loreto, Perú (Lepidoptera:
Papilionoidea y Hesperioidea). Revista Peruana de Entomologia 39: 63-74.
Medina, M. C., Robbins, R. K. and Lamas, G. 1996. Vertical Stratification of Flight by Ithomiine Butterflies
(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) at Pakitza, Manu National Park, Peru. P. 679 pp. In: Wilson, D. E. and A. Sandoval
(eds.). Manu: The Biodiversity of Southeastern Peru. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
217-252. In: Wilson, D. E. and A. Sandoval (eds.). Manu: The Biodiversity of Southeastern Peru. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
Robbins, R.K. 1994. Naming Hairstreaks. American Butterflies, 2: 28-31.
Lamas, G., Mielke, O.H.H. and Robbins, R.K. 1993. The Ahrenholz technique for attracting tropical skippers (Hesperiidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 47(1): 80-82.
Robbins, R.K. 1993. Comparison of Butterfly Diversity in the Neotropical and Oriental Regions. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 46(4): 298-300.
Robbins, R.K. 1993. False Heads: the Real Tale. American Butterflies, 1: 19-22.
Robbins, R.K. 1993. Preface. In: Butterflies through binoculars, a field guide to butterflies in the Boston, New York, and Washington Region., pp.1
Robbins, R.K. 1993. The Butterfly Fauna of the Middlesex Fells Reservation. In: , in: Butterflies through binoculars, a field guide to butterflies in the Boston, New York, and Washington Region., pp.2-4.
Warren, A.D. and Robbins, R.K. 1993. A Natural Hybrid Between Callophrys (Callophrys) sheridanii and C. (Incisalia) augustinus (Lycaenidae). Journal of the Lepidopterist's Society, 47(3): 236-240.
Lamas, G., Robbins, R.K. and Harvey, D.J. 1991. A Preliminary Survey of the Butterfly Fauna of Pakitza, Parque Nacional del Manu, Peru, with an Estimate of its Species Richness. Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 40: 1-19.
Robbins, R.K. 1991. Evolution, Comparative Morphology, and Identification of the Emaeine Butterfly Genus Rekoa Kay (Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 498: 1-64.
Robbins, R.K. 1991. Cost and Evolution of a Facultative Mutualism Between Ants and Lycaenid Larvae (Lepidoptera). Oikos, 62: 363-369.
Robbins, R.K. and Venables, B.A.B. 1991. Synopsis of a new Neotropical hairstreak genus, Janthecla, and description of a new species. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 45(1): 11-33.
Robbins, R.K. 1990. Systematic Implications of Butterfly Leg Structures that Clean the Antennae. Psyche, 96(3-4): 209-222.
Robbins, R.K. 1990. The Mitoura spinetorum Complex in New Mexico and the Validity of M. millerorum (Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 44(2): 63-76.
Robbins, R.K. 1988. Male Foretarsal Variation in Lycaenidae and Riodinidae, and the Systematic Placement of Styx infernalis (Lepidoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 90: 356-368.
Robbins, R.K. 1988. Comparative Morphology of the Butterfly Foreleg Coxa and Trochanter (Lepidoptera) and its Systematic Implications. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 90: 133-154.
Robbins, R.K. and Hevel, G.F. 1988. Glassberg, Lehman, and Pellmyr Collections to the Smithsonian Institution. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 42(1): 31
Robbins, R.K. 1987. Logic and Phylogeny: a Critique of Scott's Phylogenies to the Butterflies and Macrolepidoptera. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 41: 214-216.
Robbins, R.K. 1987. Review of: A Revision of the Genus Hypochrysops C & R Felder, by D. P. A. Sands. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 41: 238
Robbins, R.K. 1986. Evolution and Identification of the New World Hairstreak Butterflies (Lycaenidae: Eumaeini): Eliot's Trichonis Section and Trichonis Hewitson. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 40(3): 138-157.
Robbins, R.K. and Henson, P.M. 1986. Why Pieris rapae is a Better Name than Artogeia rapae (Pieridae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 40(2): 79-92.
Robbins, R.K. 1985. Independent Evolution of "False Head" Behavior in Riodinidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 39: 224-225.
Chew, F.S. and Robbins, R.K. 1984. Egg-laying in Butterflies. In: The Biology of Butterflies. R.I.Vane-Wright & P.R.Ackery. (eds.). Academic press, London. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. No. 11: pp.65-79 + Lit. Cited.
Robbins, R.K. 1984. [Review]. New Zealand Butterflies, Identification and Natural History, by G. W. Gibbs. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 86: 244
Robbins, R.K. 1982. How many butterfly species. News of the Lepidopterist's Society, 1982: 40-41.
Robbins, R.K. and Aiello, A. 1982. Foodplant and oviposition records for Panamanian Lycaenidae and Riodinidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 36(2): 65-75.
Robbins, R.K. 1981. The "False Head" Hypothesis: Predation and Wing Pattern Variation of Lycaenid Butterflies. American Naturalist, 118: 770-775.
Robbins, R.K. and Small, G.B. 1981. Wind Dispersal of Panamanian Hairstreak Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and its Evolutionary Significance. Biotropica, 13: 308-315.
Robbins, R.K. 1980. The Lycaenid "False Head" Hypothesis: Historical Review and Quantitative Analysis. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 34: 194-208.
Robbins, R.K. 1979. Behavioural ecology and evolution of hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering, 39(10): 4720
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